Host–parasite vascular connections allow the movement of water and nutrients, such as sugars, carbohydrates, minerals, and proteins, between the host plant and the parasite. Thereafter, the haustorium of the parasite penetrates the root cortex of the host plant and establishes a direct connection with root vascular bundles. The host lignin composition also affects the haustorium induction of the parasite. The initiation of a haustorium is largely dependent on haustorium-inducing factors secreted from host roots. The initiation and development of haustoria (special intrusive organs) is a key step in the growth of parasitic plants. Similar to other parasitic plants, broomrapes form a multicellular organ, called a haustorium, which is necessary for the parasite to invade host tissues and establish vascular connections. Broomrapes have a huge seed bank in the soil seeds (0.2–0.4 mm) germinate underground in response to specific plant-derived germination stimuli, such as unicolactone, released by the root of the host plant. aegyptiaca.īroomrapes ( Orobanche/Phelipanche spp.), the class with the most economically influential parasitic plants in agriculture, are holoparasites that live on the roots of a variety of agricultural crops. The results provided clues for finding a new direction for host resistance against parasitic plants and shed new light on the cultivation of resistant varieties to control P. We herein demonstrated that the TIR-type NLR protein confers C. melo roots and (4) stronger active oxygen burst and scavenging capacity were detected in transformed roots. aegyptiaca from connecting to the vascular system of C. The results showed that (1) some differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in pathways associated with active oxygen scavenging (2) several DEGs encoded transcription factors, calcium channel proteins, and receptor-like proteins were upregulated and expressed in KR1326 roots (3) the complete CmNLR and CmNLRh proteins prevented P. The variations in enzymes related to active oxygen metabolism were further detected in transformed roots. CmNLR (encodes a TIR-type NLR protein, consistently highly expressed in KR1326 roots) and CmNLRh (homologous gene of CmNLR) were cloned and overexpressed in K1237 roots to verify whether the TIR-type NLR protein can enhance C. In this study, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of resistant and susceptible Cucumis melo cultivars (KR1326 and K1237) inoculated with P. Phelipanche aegyptiaca is an obligate holoparasite that causes serious negative effects on crop growth and productivity, effective control of which is difficult due to its unique biological characteristics.
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